Treatment Effects in Market Equilibrium

23 Sep 2021  ·  Evan Munro, Stefan Wager, Kuang Xu ·

When randomized trials are run in a marketplace equilibriated by prices, interference arises. To analyze this, we build a stochastic model of treatment effects in equilibrium. We characterize the average direct (ADE) and indirect treatment effect (AIE) asymptotically. A standard RCT can consistently estimate the ADE, but confidence intervals and AIE estimation require price elasticity estimates, which we provide using a novel experimental design. We define heterogeneous treatment effects and derive an optimal targeting rule that meets an equilibrium stability condition. We illustrate our results using a freelance labor market simulation and data from a cash transfer experiment.

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