CTSpine1K is a large-scale and comprehensive dataset for research in spinal image analysis. CTSpine1K is curated from the following four open sources, totalling 1,005 CT volumes (over 500,000 labeled slices and over 11,000 vertebrae) of diverse appearance variations.

• COLONOG. This is a subset of the CT COLONOGRAPHY dataset related to a CT colonography trial12.

• HNSCC-3DCT-RT. This sub-dataset contains three dimensional (3D) high-resolution fan-beam CT scans collected during pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment using a Siemens 16-slice CT scanner with the standard clinical protocol for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients13. These images are in DICOM format.

• MSD T10. This sub-dataset comes from the 10th Medical Segmentation Decathlon14. To attain more slices containing the spine, we select the task03_liver dataset consisting of 201 cases. These images are in Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI) format (https://nifti.nimh.nih.gov/nifti-1).

• COVID-19. This sub-dataset consists of non-enhanced chest CTs from 632 patients with COVID-19 infections. The images were acquired at the point of care in an outbreak setting from patients with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR) confirmation for the presence of SARS-CoV-215. We pick 40 scans with the images stored in NIfTI format.